A Research Study On The Snowshoe Hare - 1492 Words

The snowshoe hare is an animal that seems to have a high predation rate and has struggled at times to avoid predators and different types of climate. According to Dashiell Feierabend, Knut Kielland, (2015) the survival and predation of these snowshoe hares was researched for quite some time, yet no true leads have been discovered such as hare’s vulnerability, which leaves the question of what predators and climates can influence their vegetation and coverage. (Feierabend Kielland, 2015). These beautiful creatures are preyed on by a multitude of different animals and also wander into an array of climates. Sunny, hot, snowy, cold, windy, chances are a snowshoe hare has experienced it all. It is important within a study to cover all of†¦show more content†¦(Feierabend Kielland, 2015). In this case, predation was the cause of death by 86%. Feierabend and Kielland state that hares were frequently killed by goshawks within the successional forest, lynx in the black spruce forest, and other predators. These are just some of the problems that the hares face day to day. Hares change color depending on their climate, as well. For example, Sarah Zielinski stated that since most animals who change color do not have control over that, they may be ill-dressed and underdressed for certain weather conditions. (Zielinksi, 2016). Zielinski stated that there was not much evidence to back up a claim scientist made that a species could possibly be wiped out due to weather changes and coat changes for the hares. (Zielinski, 2016). Marketa Zimova of NCSU located in Raleigh and some other colleagues tracked around 186 snowshoe hares over the span of three years, in two locations in Montana. The data found the result of coat color and landscape color which is significant in both cases. The transition can take some time, and this could be deadly for the snowshoe hare. Zielinski noted that in a study, a snowshoe hare who matched their background had a survival rate of a bout 96% from week to week. Then, down to 89% when both were completely mix-matched. While that did not cause issues then, it could in the near future. (Zielinski, 2016). TheShow MoreRelatedPredator-Prey Interaction3351 Words   |  14 Pagesprey for their food. Animals that are prey to predators have also a keen sense of smell and hearing so they can avoid becoming dinner. Some species have ways of camouflaging themselves to be less visible to their predators. For example, the snowshoe hare is white and has a better chance of blending in with its environment, in the snow, so the chances may be slightly less for being consumed by a predator. Other adaptations that have evolved in predators throughout the years were predators becomingRead More Value of Biodiversity and the Preservation of Species Essay4534 Words   |  19 PagesIts aim was to connect ecology and evolutionary biology, as well as conserve biodiversity (Takacs, 1996). The mission of this new field was to document the earths deterioration and to promote ways of reversing this situation. In 1986 the National Research Council held a National Forum on biodiversity (Takacs, 1996), and fr om this conscience-raising event, scientists publicly agreed on the importance of saving the different species of the world (Takacs, 1996). Preservation of Species An estimatedRead Morebio 2 exam5812 Words   |  24 Pagesin scattered locations at elevations above 2,800 m in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should A) conclude that lower elevations are limiting to the survival of this species. B) study the anatomy and physiology of this species. C) investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude. D) analyze the soils found in the vicinity of these trees, looking for unique chemicals that may support their growthRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesStatistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She

College Current Events Argumentative Essay Topics

<h1>College Current Events Argumentative Essay Topics</h1><p>Before composing your first school recent developments contentious exposition, attempt to find a few significant recent developments and the noteworthiness of each. Compose a short and nitty gritty answer. In doing as such, you have to comprehend the intended interest group. You additionally should be happy to revise it in the light of your new knowledge.</p><p></p><p>Some recent developments may not legitimately influence you. They might not have any immediate bearing on your life. Regardless of whether it is tied in with something that has an immediate effect on you, recollect that every individual have issues with society and economy. The media is the most recent manner by which individuals impart and clarify their issues. It would be a smart thought to consider yourself a progressively instructed, educated individual and accordingly, sufficiently proficient to communicate your v iewpoints.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand, in the event that you are dynamic in a political discussion, at that point you will likely be engaged with later political wrangles. For the most part, governmental issues are warmed, and you will be unable to favor one side, in such cases. In any case, you can make a clever contention from your own experience.</p><p></p><p>Take care that you don't compose an article that is totally irrelevant to the subject of the college's recent developments motivation. An alluring, topical article may basically go over the leaders of your crowd. In any case, by being educated and having a comprehension of recent developments and your association in them, you can positively make a connecting with bit of composing. With this understanding, you can add more profundity to your work.</p><p></p><p>There are a few things that you should realize when expounding on recent developments. There is no place for inventiveness when an understudy is moving toward school. In many cases, there are a large number of suppositions and reasons why a specific issue occurs, subsequently the alternatives for communicating that conclusion are not exactly ideal.</p><p></p><p>An contentious exposition about recent developments can assist you with getting the consideration of your understudies and perhaps impact your future vocation. Truth be told, it can cause you to improve as an essayist. An all the more balanced person who has a progressively close information on recent developments is the way in to an effective profession. As understudies develop in development, they begin getting mindful of their environmental factors and the degree of data that they get from the media. This is another motivation behind why an elegantly composed recent developments factious article is profoundly beneficial.</p><p></p><p>So, remember that school recent developments contentions are urgent to your future achievement. Expertise to compose a factious exposition, and keep your understudies educated and engaged! These thoughts will have them increasingly amped up for composing their own exposition and gaining their degree.</p>

Uses of Narrative Point of View in As I Lay Dying and O Pioneers!

Uses of Narrative Point of View in As I Lay Dying and O Pioneers! Narrative point of view refers to the position of the narrator in relation to the story that one is narrating. As such, when evaluating the point of view of the narrator, one focuses on the relationship between the narrator and the characters in the story. There are three major points of view that narrators can adopt while narrating a story. These are first-person, second-person, and third-person point of views. Either of the foregoing points of views have different effect on the understanding and believability of the characters or the story being told, as is evident from O Pioneers! and As I Lay Dying novels. As I lay dying is a narrative by William Faulkner who uses multiple narrators and different techniques to convey a message from different points of view. Through the narratives from the fifteen different characters in the novel, it is important to understand the different aspects of being as well as the existential metaphysics of daily life experiences. The fifteen characters and fifty-nine chapters in the book create vivid memories that validate the saying that beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. Through the different narrators, the author tries to convey the meaning of burdens but it is clear that different characters consider burdens from different perspectives such as love, hate, right, wrong, good, responsibility, and duty. From the book, it is clear that what constitutes burden is not obvious and varies from one person to the next. Most of the narrators use the first person’s point of view, which means that their communication is more personal and one can explore the feelings and the thoughts of every narrator. An example of the first person’s point of view is Cora’s perspective regarding the character of Darl and Jewel. According to Cora, Darl is heaven-sent while Jewel is a burden. She observes thus, â€Å"I always said Darl was different from those others. I always said he was the only one of them that had his mothers nature, had any natural affection. Not that Jewel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner n. pag). Clearly, she considers the measure of what she refers to as ‘natural affection’ as something that she has to infer from the way a person behaves. In this regard, she considers Darl as Addie’s savior. Cora also emerges as a very religious person and one learns this from the language she uses in her narration. She says, â€Å"I have tried to live right in the sight of God and man, for the honor and comfort of my Christian husband and the love and respect of my Christian children† (n. pag). By using her own perspective in reference to God and Christianit y while describing her husband and children, she reveals her deep religious convictions to her audience. Ultimately, the way Cora compares Darl and Jewel shows that she believes that in order not to be a burden one has to be as close to a loved one as possible. As such, she is besides Addie until the very last point of her death because she does not want to be a burden to Addie. Accordingly, Addie uses the first person point of view when he considers Darl a burden and Jewel her salvation. She also reveals that people consider Darl as queer but talks fondly about Jewel. One instance that shows Addie’s deep affection for Jewel is when she says, â€Å"He is my cross and he will be my salvation. He will save me from, the water and from the fire. Even though I have laid down my life, he will save me† (n. pag). Further, Dell fears Darl because he considers him perceptive and feels that Jewel hates him as competition for the love of their mother. From the narration by Dell, it is obvious that he considers Darl’s perceptiveness as the burden. Accordingly, Anse believes that he is doing the right thing but the neighbors do not understand his motivations. It is important to note that emotions and motives are not the only things that grab one’s attention in the novel. When the foregoing characters are narrating how they perceive each other, they use the first person’s point of view to show that what they state is exactly what they feel. Incorporating the first person’s point of view makes the expressions of the characters more believable because one is able to interact with each character at a personal level. However, the first person’s point of view that the author uses where sections are overlapping is something that also creates some level of uncertainty such that one is not able to get the whole story until the very end. For instance, it is not possible to know what exactly caused the fire that burned down the Gillespie barn until after reading several sections that follow. This makes it hard to understand whether the events are actually happening or whether they are only happening in the mind of the narrator, or whether the narrator is narrating about events that occurred in the past. For instance, it is not clear whether Addie is narrating after her death, in which case she would be narrating about the events that occurred prior to her demise, or whether some omnipresent narrator with perceptive power is conveying her narration of the things that are happening. One of the phrases that are not clear whether Addie narrates about past or present events is when she states,  "I could just remember how my father used to say that the reason for living was to get ready to stay dead a long time †¦, I would hate my father for having ever planted me† (n. pag). Another incident that brings confusion as to the occurrence of the events being narrated is Darl’s narration of the death of Addie even though he is no longer present. The question that arises is whether a narrator can witness an event even if they are not present or whether there is a way that a narrator who is no longer present can imagine things that are happening and narrate the events with the same level of subjectivity as narrators who are witnessing events first hand. O Pioneers! Narrative Point of View The narrator in the novel O Pioneers! by Willa Cather makes use of the third person limited point of view where perspective is based on a single character, Alexandra Bergson. The third person-limited point of view requires the narrator to follow the main character closely such that all the audience sees and experiences is what the main character presents. The novel is about the difficult relationship that exists between Bergson and the society. It is important to note that the main character in third person limited point of view knows a lot but not everything about the other characters. As such, through Bergson, the extent to which one can learn about characters in the novel is limited. For instance, in reference to Bergson’s life the narrator states, â€Å"Her personal life, her own realization of herself, was almost a subconscious existence; like an underground river that came to the surface only here and there †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3.2.1). Although the narrator likens Bergsonâ⠂¬â„¢s feelings to an underground river, in reality there is no revelation as to what forms the contents of the ‘underground river’ so that one can have a deeper understanding of the main character. As long as the narrator does not reveal the contents of the river, it is clear that the audience does not get to know the full extent of Bergson’s feelings and desires. There are other instances that the narrator explores the feelings and desires of other characters but fails to disclose enough to enable the audience to have extensive knowledge about the characters. However, one cannot lay the entire blame of the failure to disclose more about characters on the narrator because he also seems to have limited information about the characters. As such, it is important to note that using the third person limited technique in the novel helps to limit the access that an audience has to the characters in the novel and this allows the narrator to hide personal information about the characters. With regard to the foregoing, while the novel As I lay dying uses first person point of view, the narrator in O Pioneers! uses third person limited point of view. The main difference between the two points of view is that the first person point of view enables the audience to have a deeper understanding of the characters while the third person limited only allows the audience partial information about the personal life of the characters. As such, in As I lay dying, one is able to interact with the characters more closely because the audience gets the opportunity to get into the head of the characters thereby developing a direct link. Accordingly, one gets to experience the full range of emotions from different characters when reading the novel and the plot is more believable in the first person point of view. In contrast, the limitations that the third person limited point of view creates in O Pioneers! make it difficult for one to create a direct link with the main character, which makes the plot less believable.

Creative Essay Topics - Your Best Solution

<h1>Creative Essay Topics - Your Best Solution</h1><p>Writing an inventive paper subject is something that numerous understudies battle with. The way toward concocting a unique subject isn't as simple as it might appear. At the point when understudies are battling with composing expositions, they in many cases forget about the objective and resort to subject material that is recognizable to them.</p><p></p><p>Students are acclimated with subjects that they know about, regardless of whether it be recent developments, legislative issues, science, and so on. The main thing new about the point is the idea driving it. For instance, if understudies are composing an article on how the economy impacts our social portability they may find that subjects that are more connected with this theme, for example, brain research, humanism, financial aspects, and so forth would not be suitable to expound on in their essay.</p><p></p><p>W hile there are some paper points that must be remarkable to make an extremely solid exposition. Inventive exposition themes can emerge out of practically any point that you can consider. These subjects could be whatever would intrigue you or in any event, something that you have quite recently perused recently.</p><p></p><p>Students can take a gander at various classes that the point falls under. These incorporate good, physical, moral, and scholarly. The errand of concocting an article subject that is one of a kind will require a lot of thinking.</p><p></p><p>The theme that we saw as the most trying for understudies was the ethical point. The understudies customarily would put their ethical feeling onto the theme without thinking about its effect on the world. For instance, understudies can compose an article on the benefits of sending individuals to jail when they have disregarded the law. Understudies would then be able to proceed t o compose an article on how condemning change needs to occur so as to address the wrongs done by our nation's criminal equity system.</p><p></p><p>By taking part in a point, for example, this, understudies intermittently forget about the entirety of the moral and good contention since they didn't place any idea into it. They depended on what they had gained from their group addresses. By taking part in a point, for example, this, understudies in many cases wind up making a poor contention by excluding all the important subtleties expected to help their argument.</p><p></p><p>By composing an inventive paper subject that depends on their own ethics, understudies can persuade themselves regarding the legitimacy of their contention by putting a more noteworthy incentive on it. Fundamentally, by doing this they are really demonstrating to themselves that they have a solid good belief.</p><p></p><p>When it goes to the scholastic point, understudies should attempt to be as precise as conceivable in their task. To do this they should just reference sources that are dependable. In the event that their realities are not precise they will in all likelihood bomb their task and they don't need that.</p>

Effective Leadership, Decision Making And Ethical Management

Introduction This paper critically evaluates whether effective leadership, decision making and ethical management are linked together both in practice and in theory. In doing the evaluation, theory has been put into test against the practical professional examples. In today’s modern world, globalization of economies and advancement of technology have shortened the bridges between international communities. Hence, it has become imperative for the leaders to take into consideration the borderless economies for almost every action they take including becoming an effective leader, taking critical decision and managing ethics. The paper, therefore, finds out how the leaders of world can take organisational decisions that are ethically correct and become effective in their leadership. Whatever may the ways of doing so, by learning continuously from the surroundings and remaining committed to improve themselves, leaders can gradually and eventually reach to this desired effectiveness. A leader is the one who leads everybody else and hence, is the one who takes all the critical actions. Therefore, business leaders should not only take decisions that will benefit the organisation and themselves but also consider what will be the impact of their decisions on other individuals, organisations, governments and societies (Stansbury 2009). Best and effective leaders demonstrate their clarified values and ethics and imbibe them into their effective leadership style through their actions.Show MoreRelatedDifferent Philosophies And Theories On Effective Leadership And Management1112 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent philosophies and theories on effective leadership and management. Over time, these theories and ideas have been proven either successfully or unsuccessfully. The key component that stands out is the actual person who is in the leadership or management position. This individual needs to produce many characteristics to ensure smooth and effective management. 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Apple Inc. Ability of Planning to keep Competitive Edge in Business

Question: Task 1 A. Using appropriate theories, review changing perspective in marketing planning. Evaluate Apples ability for planning its future marketing activity. B. Examine techniques for organisational auditing and for analysing external factors that affect marketing planning. Use one of these techniques to carry out organisational auditing and analysis of external factors that affect marketing planning in Apple. you will have applied an effective approach to study and research the marketing planning process at Apple Task 2 Using appropriate theories, assess the main barriers to marketing planning and examine how Apple may overcome these barriers. Task 3 A. Based on your analysis in Task 1, write a marketing plan for the launch of a new product for Apple. B. Explain why marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for Apple. C. Using Apple, examine techniques for new product development. Justify recommendations for pricing policy, distribution and communication mix for the new product. D. You are required to explain how factors affecting effective implementation of the marketing plan have been taken into account. Task 4 A. Using Apple, explain how ethical issues influence marketing planning and analyse examples of how organisations respond to ethical issues. B. Analyse examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning in Apple. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. is the multinational organization that stays competitive in the globalized market. It keeps the competitive edge with proper planning in the business. Managers analyze competition and proper needs of the customer. It also accesses the information to keep the competitive advantage. It focuses on creativity and diversity allows the company to manage it effectively. (Adkins, 2013) Task 1 A. Apples ability for planning its future marketing activity Marketing planning is a multiple process tool that enables the management to understand everything about the company. It succeeds in their goals and involve with the importance and perspectives. Organization capability for planning the future activities of marketing are identified with the core competence, strengths and weaknesses, behavior and resources etc. It also identifies the skills of the organization to meet the strengths and to reduce the challenges and develop an opportunities. Apple possesses high skills on research and planning that expands the worldwide operations and the marketing strategy aims to promote the parameters such as superior quality, reliability, friendliness and design of the product. It is promoted as the product that does not only offer the ease in an individuals life but also it is called as the cost effective solution to the issues associated with the computer. The major components of the marketing mix help to know the product and its marketing in the global scenario. (Minaxi, 2015) The growth strategy with marketing in future of Apple consist high quality and innovative products as well as services. It increases customer loyalty and develops the strong position in the competitive market place. Innovation is the key success of Apple and it highly brings success. Innovation has been the major key to success for Apple. The major important resources and skills of Apple was Steve Jobs and he has done the great job to form the company. He met with the growth in a very short span of time and increased the earnings in the market. Apple also followed the objectives and strategies of marketing planning for future. (Rothaermel, 2012) Theory: The theory of marketing and distribution strategy in Apple leads to the profitable relationship, higher amount of customers, and least amount to reduce the involvement of middle men. B. Organisational auditing Every organization focuses on audit activity to identify the opportunity and the organizational audit for external factors are social factors, political factors, environmental and technological factors. (Johnson, et.al, 2008) One of the techniques to carry out organisational auditing and analysisof external factors that affect marketing planning in Apple is PESTLE analysis. With this technique, the company will successfully understand the activity: Political factors: Since Apple is present in multiple nations, the company adheres to deal with the rules as well as regulations with respect to the rules and tax rates etc. Environmental factors: Apple states that the company strongly leads to the impact that the companys products on the environment have been used. There is a need to decrease the lowest level possible for less material. Social factors: Apple has proved to be successful in multiple cultures with the fact that there is a strong dependence on advancement of technology in different corners of the globe. (David, 2009) Technological factors: Apple is considered as the technological innovative company in the globe. Market leaders strongly served the offerings of the product at Apple. (Jurevicius, 2013) Task 2 A. Main barriers and examination of Apple that may overcome these barriers The main barriers of market planning are as discussed below: Isolation of the marketing activity: The major reason for the failure of marketing plan is the understanding that marketing is something that a marketer possesses in their office. Marketing appointment is supreme to put the things correct and the major challenge is that the new person immediately finds the power for the development of the product, pricing, customer services etc. The new executive is powerless to influence for the importance and fails immediately. (Eloqua, 2014) Organizational barriers and challenges: It is associated with the concern of marketing and there is the issue of corporate organization and the most important is the functions like personnel, finance, production, allocation, marketing and operations. The traditional reason for this approach is clear and also difficult to attain people for clear goals and there is a less uncertainty that it is challenging to get the people who are loyal to deal with the goals of customer satisfaction. Thus, it is clear that the top management needs to a lot for corporate culture and while development of the team, this approach has overcome the barrier of the organization. (Business plans.org, 2009) Official designs cant substitute the innovation and substitute: The major efforts follow the style that contains the proper skills as well as the abilities to decrease the vision of the planning. This can create disaster in the organization. (Solomon, 2011) To overcome the barriers, the organizations need to focus on the marketing plan such as: Management should certify the plans of organization as well as communication at multiple levels. Planning generates the coordinated effort and it offers major ways to the managers to deal with the solution. Planning forces managers to deal with the future and to remove the crisis, management leads the future and planning assures the company with respect to technology. (Gant, 2014) The use of modern tools and technologies on the business especially focuses on the development and makes serious demands on scheduling. It is costly and expensive to generate success. (David, 2015) Task 3 A. Marketing plan for the product launch Marketing is the crucial and vital factor for determining the success. It develops awareness and focuses on the need of the product to expand the business. The company is positioned in the market with the help of marketing that needs to be created in the existing markets. Apple has always focused on the steps to increase the success in the industry. The market plan represents multiple strategies for the company that could be adopted by Apple to develop the successful market. For the launch of the marketing, the marketing mix was termed as the concept of marketing mix: Product / service: This is called as the availability of the response in the market. It helps to measure the need and to deliver the high tech products. Price: Price is the most sensitive P in the marketing that includes the cost to the market for the particular product. It adopts from the competitors in the market and Apple charges high prices and targets the middle to upper level groups of income so they can have the willingness to deal with the handsome amount. Promotion: The vital areas under promotion are personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion and advertising. The major objectives are to generate awareness about the product and to increase the sales for high level of brand equity. (Bradley, 2003) Apple has been active in participation in promotion activities. It has met the strategies to increase the methods of promotion and the company promotes with the comparative advertising. Place: This is well called for distribution and the customers possess willingness to purchase the products. Apple is innovative in its channels of distribution and involve in the increase of revenues. Market segmentation is important to deal with the new products and for the new product i.e. Ipad the company will try to increase the customer loyalty and help to remain the market leader. It will increase the availability of benefits and high level of accessibility. Positioning strategy will form the distinctive values to generate the edge of competitiveness. Marketing goals and objectives: The purpose of the marketing plan is to follow the disruptive styles of marketing to launch its products with the most innovative features in the market. The expectations of the customer are very high and it plays an important role. (Sengupta, 2005) The goals of the marketing strategy for Apple for its new product launch is To offer the best customer satisfaction by offering them the products to their uses, needs and expectations To manage the edge of competition in all the customer segments and To focus on the brand image of the market These goals are important to lead to the objectives in the market and it aims to increase the overall market share and other segments etc. (Proctor, 2000) Smart goals There is a need to set the goals such as below: Specific goals: The specific goals for the market environment are to increase the customer satisfaction and this defines that the product meets its expectations. Customer expectations are very high at times of brand such as Ipad. The high amount of exclusivity which the user attains when he or she purchase the product of Apple. The customers never see the features that are added in the Apple products and the other goal is to manage the leadership. Measurable goals: The quantitative goals in the market share are really measurable with the multiple surveys and the company has high level of comprehensive data. This offers an insight of competition in the market share of Apple. Attainable goals: Apple is an organization to follow the disruptive strategy of marketing and the company has enough resources to reach their goals and to succeed in the market. There is a high amount of brand equity that customers posse to purchase at the premium prices. (Flynn, 2011) Realistic goals: The realistic goals can be justified as Apple have enjoyed more than 95% market share in the multiple countries such as Japan, UK, Germany etc. Apple can gain the market share in new countries as well. Timely goals: The sales targets are planned for every quarter and there is no time limit for the above goals. It introduced different versions at different times. (Erdogmus, 2012) There might have some factors in the external focus such as: Technology factors: Technology in the market is advanced at every phase and the features are indispensable that have been obsolete. The tech-savvy customers are the innovators in the market and technology helps to improve the characteristics. Thus, the major goals influence the uses of the product such as design and offers by featured by the similar products. Cultural patterns: The country has been cautious with the environmental impact of the products and Apple deals with the feature in the resolution and health hazards where similar products are used. (Levina, 2010) Legal challenges: With the legal policies needs to be followed, the business is very friendly and Apple should meet the policies and laws such as competition consumer act as well as practices. (Kotler Armstrong, 2008) Competitor analysis The closes competitor of Apple in Australia is Samsung and the other players in the market are Vodafone, Motorola with the Play book. Apple should focus on the different levels of competition and they are known as: Brand competition: Apple has huge innovations and the product of ipad had been famous in the industry with the quality conscious brand. Samsung plays with compatibility with recent software in the market and matches with the equity of Apple. (Kotler, 2009) Product competition: Apple had increased its presence all across the customer segments and these features are important in each segment. Samsung has limited versions of their products and offered multiple varieties for consumers in market. Generic competition: Apple has been the demand for people for the production and the online market space that considers the offline distributors and Samsung played the strong channels of distribution. Consumer behavior: The behavior of consumers develops the crucial way to identify the products success. The technology enthusiasts place their orders online and Apple penetrates different sets of customer. They have been the major channel of distribution and expand the network across the nation with the help of distributors as well as franchisees. Therefore, it is assured that customer complaints should be resolved when compared with other competitors. (Hooley, 2011) B. Marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for Apple The strategic planning process is a process that helps managers to implement the strategy that could lead to the edge of sustainable advantage. This is systematic planning to meet the actions and to assess the outcomes properly. It also performs strategic planning to formulate the strategies and evaluation. It also helps to formulate the long term strategy for success. (Knowledgebank. 2009) The well defined marketing planning helps to do the great businesses and meet the loyalty of customers with marketing practices and tactics. Strategic planning is a process at all levels of management in the organization to develop the commitment in the organization. It brings communication and ensures success in the strategies. For Apple, marketing planning is important for Apple because it helps in developing new product with respect to innovation. It generates strategic goals and provides success with innovation. Culture also develops the values and attitudes of employees and it is followed by the top management that helps in communication of the employees that ensures success with respect to the execution of the strategies. It is also important because the technology and competition creates instability in the business. (Stanleigh, 2015) The strategic planning is the managerial process that creates and evolves market opportunities and success of the company. It engages staff and helps to understand the development of strategies. C. Techniques for new product development and recommendations To examine the techniques of new product development, creativity and innovation plays an important role in success. Creativity strongly focuses on problem solving and new ideas. It is important for new product development. It is designed into organization and innovation involves information and values from resources. It is equally important to that helps to generate the success of the product. (Murphy, 2007) For the new product, pricing is known to be the important part of the marketing strategy and marketing mix. It is because the price of the product is determined with its quality and product development. It increases the revenues and profits. With the introduction of the new product, the company can increase its profits and market share. Skimming occurs with the high price in an attempt to increase the market attraction and to achieve the objectives of the business, the mix of marketing communication is important such as: Product: The product is defined and focuses on strong branding and fashion. To generate the interest of the customer, Apple has made their products popular in the market. It has developed the portable devices with proper strategies and opportunities that will help Apple to achieve high level of growth and development in a short span of time. (Michael, 2014) Price: As per the customers, the price plays a substantial role and the price if fixed in terms of brand and quality. Apple possesses the standard price for most of their products. Place: Place is called as the distribution and channel and it is the means of product distribution and the types of distributors are called as indirect and direct distribution. Distribution is effective and efficient in terms of marketing goals and objectives. Intensive distribution is important to sell the low price products and consumers have high level of skills to deal with the products distribution. Promotion: Promotion for the new product i.e. ipad helps to communicate the target markets and it is developed with sales promotion, public relations and marketing as well as personal selling. With lots of promotions, the communication process is spread properly among the customers to manage and to handle the complaints as well as queries. Apple can advertise with the help of promotional activities and it also attracts the number of customers to purchase the products of Apple. (Ron, 2015) D. Factors affecting effective implementation of the marketing planhave been taken into account The factors that affect the effective implementation of the marketing plan are as follows: Developing the intimacy of customer: With respect to the formulation of customer satisfaction and retention, the company increases success for customers. The marketers possess increased amount of intimacy in the strategy of marketing. Brand: The second important factor is called as the brand that is associated with the environment of the company. Innovation: Innovation does not happen in department and it only happens in the department of supply chain. The strategy of marketing helps in positive association and the company focuses on incremental growth with continuous pricing strategy of skimming method. (Robert, 2012) Task 4 A. Ethical issues influence marketing planning Ethical issues affect the competition with respect to the false information associated with the competitors product and Apple should possess the honest marketing strategies for competition. The kind of ethical issues have impacts on strategic marketing and the company Apple should come up with major strategies. The other effect is the perception or the image of the company; hence the company needs to satisfy to make the customers trustworthy with respect to the credibility on the business in a professional approach. (Lee, 2009) There is a requirement of organization to develop the marketing to consumers and some ethical issues drive the consumers away and its marketing strategy. The ethical issue would be the fact that the consumers are believed that the products are able to deal with the needs and it focuses on the customer satisfaction. Thus, it strongly impacts the strategic marketing because the strategy itself focuses on profit. The ethical issue in an organization has been offered its employees low salary, poor packages and the company should meet the products to ensure the level of protection. Therefore, to market the strategies of organization, this needs to be environmental friendly. To recommend, the company should focus on the laws and policies for proper conduct and it should establish the success in a better way. (Vance, et.al, 2009) B. Analyse examples of consumer ethics and their effect on marketing planning in Apple Apple has demonstrated the suppliers purchase for ethical reasons and it has proved the willingness to fix the issues. To control the ethics internally as well as externally, the manager can be challenging. To manage the supplier is the big responsibility that the company should take it seriously. Apple focuses on their suppliers to manage the highest ethical policies and standards. The company evaluates its suppliers to meet the instructions of their suppliers. Ethics is an important part of the culture of the organization and managers focus on the proper training to meet the success of the organization. It contains business practices, employees training, verification of hours of work etc. Planning, organizing and leading as well as controlling help the company (Apple) to deal with the success. It focuses on external factor that impacts the process of management and also it impacts the technology that is the internal factor. Thus, Apple is applied to the four functions of management and it innovates through innovation and creativity. Diversity focuses on Apple to manage it effectively and it allows to effectively managing the work goals. Strategic planning also contains the importance of ethics and policies for the company. Ethics and policies play an important role in the culture of the organization. It is competitive and essential for Apple to use the multiple functions of management to manage it effectively. (Brennan, et,al, 2010) References Adkins, A. 2013. Syne core. Why business need integrated digital marketing Bradley, F 2003,Strategic Marketing: In the Customer Driven Organization, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ Brennan, R., Canning, L., Canning, L. E., McDowell, R. (2010). Business-to-business Marketing: SAGE Publications Limited. Business Resource Software, 2009. Market segmentation. www-format: https://www.businessplans.org/Segment.html David, F.R. (2009). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 12th ed. FT Prentice Hall, p. 104-114 David, M. (2015). New product development: Academia.edu. Eloqua, M. 2014. B2b Marketing. Oracle marketing cloud. Available from Erdomu, . E., iek, M. (2012). The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Loyalty. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1353-1360. Flynn, David; Apple iPad 2 launches in Australia this Friday, 2011; viewed 27 October 2011;https://www.ausbt.com.au/apple-ipad-2-launches-in-australia-this-friday-prices-from-579-to-949 Gant, P. 2014. Direct marketing. The power of creating that sells. Hooley, Graham, J.; 2011;Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning Johnson, G, Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th ed. FT Prentice Hall, p. 55-57 Jurevicius, O. (2013). Pest and pestel analysis: Strategic management insight. Knowledgebank. 2009. Analysis. Public sector marketing Frenzy. B2B marketing. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. 2008. Principles of marketing. Thirteenth edition. Pearson prentice hall Kotler, P. 2009. Business to business marketing. Kotler on marketing. John Wiley and Sons. Lee, S., Hwang, T., Lee, H.-H. (2009). Corporate blogging strategies of the IT Fortune 500 companies. Management Decision, 44(3), 316-334. Levina, O. 2010. Business to Business Market Segmentation. Viewed on 2nd August, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/19240/The%20thesis%201.pdf?sequence=1 Michael, R. 2014. Marketing is different. In the not for profit world. Minaxi, R. (2015). Auditing and cost accounting: Pearson education Murphy, D. 2007. Marketing for B2B vs. B2C: Similar but different. Masterful marketing. Marketing in the new media world. Proctor, T 2000,Strategic Marketing: An Introduction, Routeledge, London Robert, B. 2012. Is business to business marketing really different than consumer marketing. Business to business exploding. Practical accountant. Ron Brauner, The B2B Process: Eight Stages of the Business Sales Funnel, Ron Brauner Integrated Marketing (Web site), July 31, 2008, https://www.ronbrauner.com/?p=68 (accessed December 13, 2014) Rothaermel, F. T. (2012). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, p. 56-61 Sengupta, Subroto; 2005;Brand Positioning: Strategies for Competitive. Apple Australia; viewed 27 October 2011; https://www.apple.com/au/ipad/features/ Solomon, Michael, R.; 2011;Consumer Behaviour: Buying, Having, and Being Stanleigh, M. (2015). 5 key factors to successful strategic planning: Optimize organizational performance. Thompson, J. and Martin, F. (2010). Strategic Management: Awareness Change. 6th ed. Cengage Learning EMEA, p. 86-88, 816 Vance, K., Howe, W., Dellavalle, R. P. (2009). Social internet sites as a source of public health information. Dermatologic clinics, 27(2), 133-136

Professor Notes- Cranberry Juice and Urinary Tract Infection

Question: Discuss about the Cranberry Juice and Urinary Tract Infection. Answer: Introduction: Urinary tract infection can be defined as the presence of a threshold of bacteria in the urinary tract resulting in a bacterial infection of the tract. Wang (2013) points out that it is one of the most experienced medical conditions accounting for over 25% of all the infections. It results in several days of illness coupled with severe consequences such as dehydration, urosepsis, delirium, and hospitalization as well as death in severe cases. Different attempts in search of the most suitable intervention method that can be adopted have been in place for decades. As others prefer the use of antibiotics, some medical practitioners believe and have tested the use of cranberry juice as one of the effective medical interventions that can be adopted. However, some studies have been done to understand the effectiveness of the juice in the treatment of UTI as compared to other antibiotics. This paper presents the detailed analysis of the effectiveness of using cranberry juice in the treatmen t of UTI as compared to other antibiotics. While the use of prophylactic antibiotics has been adopted for a long time in the treatment of UTI, Caljouw et al. (2014) points at that their use tend to be coupled with different side effects. Several continuous medical studies on better ways of UTI Prevention have reported that cranberry juice is chemically made up of proanthocyanidins (PACs). It is known n to be a very stable phenolic compound with anti-adhesive property against the E. coli bacteria that commonly cause UTI. A systematic review by Opperman (2010) also reports that the use of the juice is more natural as compared to the use of prophylactic antibiotics that has several chemicals added to make if efficient and long-lasting such as the preservatives that have no medical purpose in the antibiotics. In their study, Jepson, Williams, and Craig (2012) also point out that concentrated cranberry juice works efficiently against other kinds of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. As a result, using the juice is thus sufficient not only to the UTI treatment but it will also clear any infection that is related to the other bacteria and not specifically Escherichia coli. It is thus supportive evidence that the use of cranberry juice can effectively lead to the reduction of UTI over a period of 12 months. Despite the fact that its treatment process and results take a longer time than the antibiotics, it is very effective for use by women with a recurring infection. In their study, Opperman (2010) further concludes that the administration of the cranberry capsules at a daily dosage reduces the incidences of UTI reoccurrences by 26%. Different cranberry products have been adopted in the attempt of treatment of UTI. These include concentrates from cranberry juice, cranberry capsules, and cranberry juice cocktail with varying dosage regiments. Many studies thus recommended the use medical cranberry as it dehydrates the body and adds vitamins among other nutrients to the body apart from the treatment purposes. However, further latest researchers have identified some limitations as opposed to other studies. For instance, Raz, Chazan, and Dan (2016) point out that the use of the juice is less effective than indicated by some studies. Other studies like Aells et al. (2014) report that there is no statistical significance in cases with patients suffering from a one-time infection or recurring UTI infections. There are a large number of withdrawals from different studies, (Gardner, 2014., Caljouw et al. 2014., and Bass et al., 2014), as well as the small benefits of the juice in the prevention of the infections. It is th us not worth recommending as a more efficient treatment method as compared to the prophylactic antibiotics. The high level of dropouts is attributed to the acceptability of its consumption as a medical product by many patients. As a result, the research results recommend the use of other quantified methods such as the use of powders using standardized methods. In such case, the standardized methods need to ensure the potency of use and should have sufficient active ingredients before being recommended for use or evaluated in clinical studies. Conclusion Even though using prophylactic antibiotics show quicker results, there are increased cases of reoccurrences of infections. A regular and respective dosage of the antibiotics also tends to be expensive as compared to the use of the cranberry juice. It is thus worth concluding that the effectiveness of using cranberry juice solely depends on the level of infection of the patient. For instance, it will be suitable for use in the recurring infection cases as it has no side effects as compared to the prophylactic antibiotics. Further research is hence required to shade more light in the use of cranberry juice in protecting patients against UTI infections and particularly in women with recurring infections and anatomical abnormalities. References Aells, S. J., Bharadwa, K., McKinnell, J. A., Miller, L. G. (2014). Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Among Women: Comparative Effectiveness of 5 Prevention and Management Strategies Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model.Clinical Infectious Diseases,58(2), 147-160. Bass-Ware, A., Weed, D., Johnson, T., Spurlock, A. (2014). Evaluation of the Effect Of Cranberry Juice on Symptoms Associated with a Urinary Tract Infection.Urologic Nursing,34(3), 121-127. doi:10.7257/1053-816X.2014.34.3.121 Caljouw, M. A., Hout, W. B., Putter, H., Achterberg, W. P., Cools, H. M., Gussekloo, J. (2014). Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Vulnerable Older Persons: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Long-Term Care Facilities.Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society,62(1), 103-110. doi:10.1111/jgs.12593 Gardner, E. (2014). The health properties of cranberry juice.Nutrition Bulletin,39(2), 223-230. doi:10.1111/nbu.12093 Jepson, R. G., Williams, G., Craig, J. C. (2012). Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD001321. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5/full Opperman, E. A. (2010). Cranberry is not effective for the prevention or treatment of urinary tract infections in individuals with spinal cord injury.Spinal Cord,48(6), 451-456. Raz. R., Chazan. B, Dan. M. (2016). Cranberry Juice and Urinary Tract Infection. Clin Infect Dis.(2004)38(10):1413-1419.doi:10.1086/386328 https://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/10/1413.full Wang, P. (2013). The Effectiveness of Cranberry Products to Reduce Urinary Tract Infections in Females: A Literature Review.Urologic Nursing,33(1), 38-45. doi:10.7257/1053-816X.2013.33.1.38